In the United States of America, there are 130% more postgraduate (PG) medical seats than undergraduate (MBBS-equivalent) seats. This indicates that there are 230 PG places for every 100 medical graduates, offering many of options for postgraduate training and specialization. In comparison, there is fierce competition for the few available PG seats in India, where there are just 60 seats for every 100 MBBS graduates.

The discrepancy illustrates how the USA has a well-established system for medical specialization, whereas in India, a lack of postgraduate seats prevents physicians from pursuing more specialization, which affects the supply of specialists in the healthcare system.